Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is normally produced in the liver and fetal tissues during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in the development of the fetus and is essential for the growth of fetal organs. This protein can also be found in small amounts in the blood of healthy individuals. However, elevated levels of AFP in the blood can indicate the presence of certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, certain cancers, or pregnancy complications. A blood test for AFP is a simple and effective way to monitor and diagnose these conditions.